(The Congressional Research Service has noted that the description of executive orders and proclamations in this document is “widely accepted.”) 10,340, 17 Federal Register 3139 (1952) (President Truman’s steel seizure executive order) and Staff of House Committee on Government Operations, 85th Congress, 1st Session, Executive Orders and Proclamations: A Study of a Use of Presidential Powers (Committee Print 1957). Legal scholarship in this area frequently uses executive orders as a lens through which to examine the mechanisms and limits of executive power.įor more information on the Youngstown Steel case, see Executive Order No. In practice, executive orders have sometimes been the subject of controversy when the President uses them to assert novel or unprecedented interpretations of executive power, such as in the landmark Youngstown Steel case, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. Each instruction in an executive order cites a source of authority (such as a statutory provision), and the Office of Management and Budget issues a “Budgetary Impact Statement” for every order. In theory, executive orders only have the force of law to the extent they draw on authority granted to the President in the Constitution or delegated to the executive branch by Congress. The orders direct these individuals and organizations to act in prescribed ways that align with the President’s view of their own powers in a given area (immigration, defense, etc.). While these documents are often compared to formal legislation (like statutes), executive orders are more like sets of instructions for officials and agencies within the executive branch. The executive order is perhaps the most visible form of presidential document. If you have any questions, comments, or feedback about this guide, please email the library's reference desk.Įxecutive orders are documents through which the President expresses a policy position and explains how that policy will be executed. The remaining sections list materials that delve deeper into various legal and historical topics surrounding the use of executive orders, giving the researcher a broad overview. The "How to Find Executive Orders & Other Presidential Documents" section describes the different types of presidential documents, outlines the general process of finding them, and lists publications and resources you can use to find them. This guide is designed to help researchers find executive orders and other presidential documents and actions, as well as to help them learn more about the use of executive orders and executive action. Some of the most common forms are executive orders, presidential proclamations, signing statements, and general policy directives. Presidential documents can come in different varieties. One common way that the President exercises power is through executive action, the most well-known type being the executive order. In addition to constitutional sources of executive authority, Congress can also delegate certain powers to the President, explicitly or implicitly. Constitution grants the President broad powers over the executive branch of the federal government.
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